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Coat Color
Red Intensity
Alternative Names: White, Cream, Dilution, Chinchilla, English Cream
The Red Intensity variant causes a decrease in red (phaeomelanin) pigment concentration in the coat. Phaeomelanin is the pigment responsible for red, yellow, and pale cream coat colors. The Red Intensity variant is found in the MFSD12 gene (also known as I or Intensity locus).
Did you know?
Many breeds that appear white are actually recessive red dogs with the Intensity variant, which is why their eye, nail, and nose pigment remains dark. Examples include Samoyeds, Poodles, and White Swiss Shepherds. Similar variants in the _MFSD12 _gene are also responsible for lighter hair and skin pigmentation in mice, humans, and other mammalian species. In ponies, this variant causes a coat color called "mushroom."
How it works
Dogs with two copies of the Red Intensity variant are more likely to show yellow, cream or white coat shades instead of deeper red shades. If the dog does not display solid red or red coat patterns, there will be no visible effect. Other genes, notably variants in the KITLG gene, are also thought to contribute to red pigment intensity variation, so some dogs may have yellow or buff colored coats.
Chocolate (Variant 1)
Alternative Names: Brown, Liver, Chestnut, Red
Chocolate (Variant 1), also known as bc, causes all dark hair, eye rims, nose and paw pads on the dog to be brown or chocolate instead of black. This variant is found in the TYRP1 gene (known as the B locus). Did you know?
Chocolate dogs are unable to produce black pigment, so even their freckles are chocolate, and their eye color is usually gold or amber.
How it works
To show chocolate coloration, a dog must inherit two copies of the chocolate variants, one from each parent. This can either be two copies of a particular variant, such as this one (Chocolate Variant 1) or two of any combination of chocolate variants. The chocolate variants are located in the TYRP1 gene.
Chocolate (Variant 3)
Alternative Names: Brown, Liver, Chestnut, Red
Chocolate (Variant 3), also known as bd, causes all dark hair, eye rims, nose and paw pads on the dog to be brown or chocolate instead of black. This variant is found in the TYRP1 gene (known as the B locus).
Did you know?
Chocolate dogs are unable to produce black pigment, so even their freckles are chocolate, and their eye color is usually gold or amber.
How it works
To show chocolate coloration, a dog must inherit two copies of a chocolate variant, one from each parent. This can either be two copies of a particular variant, such as this one (Chocolate Variant 3) or two of any combination of chocolate variants. This variant is unique in that it can occur _on the same chromosome _as another chocolate variant, where both variants are donated from one parent. If the other parent does not also donate a chocolate variant, the dog will still express black pigment, not chocolate. The chocolate variants are located in the TYRP1 gene.
Recessive Red (Variant 1)
Alternative Names: Champagne, Buff, Yellow, Tan, Cinnamon, Mahogany, Golden, Chestnut, White, Cream, Deadgrass, Sedge, Orange, Rust, Lemon, Apricot, Beige, Gold
The Recessive Red variant causes only shades of red (phaeomelanin) pigment to be displayed in a dog’s coat, ranging from a deep red, to orange, yellow or even white. The variant is also known as the e variant and is found in the MC1R gene (known as the E locus). Did you know?This MC1R variant has its effect at the level of the hair follicle by coding for an altered receptor, so all hair pigment defaults to a shade of red, even whiskers! A dog with any black or brown hairs on its body is not a recessive red dog. Many breeds that appear white, but have normally colored eyes, nose, and paw pads, such as Poodles and Maltese, are actually recessive red dogs.
How it works
Two copies are needed to display a lighter coat, which may range from white to red, although there are other variants that can result in a similar effect. The amount of red pigment in the coat, called the intensity, is governed by other genes.
Health implications
In humans and mice, a similar MC1R receptor variant produces red or ginger hair color, and has been shown to influence pain sensitivity and medication response. Early data suggests it may play a role in pain sensitivity in dogs as well, but more research is needed.
Coat Patterns
Saddle Tan
Alternative Names: Creeping tan, Black and tan
The Saddle Tan variant is responsible for a red color pattern with a dark-haired saddle over the back. The variant is located in the RALY gene.
Did you know?
Saddle Tan puppies are born showing the Tan Point pattern, but with age, the red or tan areas of the coat expand, until a saddle is seen at maturity, earning it the alternative name of "creeping tan."
How it works
One or two copies of the Saddle Tan variant are needed for the "saddle" to be seen. However the Tan Points variant must also be present. The Saddle Tan variant is actually considered to be the wild type, or default, variant.
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